![]() Define projected coordinate systems (PCS).Thoroughly explain geographic coordinate systems (GCS) including the parts it's made up of, why it's used, and how it differs from a.North-south lines must start somewhere, so when it is established for a particular geographic grid, it can be considered the principal meridian. East-west lines have a very obvious start point: the equator. The north-south line from which the labeling begins. The result of using an established angular unit of measure to label the intersections of north-south and east-west lines on the surface of the Earth starting the labels at a Define Earth-centered, Earth-fixed Coordinate Systems.Define and explain datum shifts, both major and minor.The measured difference between the ellipsoid and the geoid The measured distance between the geoid and the Used to reference locations and distances above mean sea level elevation. Explain the similarities and difference betweenīenchmarks are real-world locations which have been carefully surveyed with locations to match a specific geoid.To a specifically measured geoid via control points and benchmarks. The result of attaching a "free-floating" Define and explain Cartesian Coordinate Systems.World reference ellipsoids are drawn to best-fit the entire geoid local ellipsoids are best fit on one side to a single place of the geoid ![]() Explain why geoids are used in GIS and CartographyĪ sphere-like 3D object where the radius in one direction is longer than the radius in a direction at a right angle to the firstĪn ellipsoid that is drawn to best-fit an area.Explain what a geoid is a model of how the model is made.The word is a Greek-rooted combo of topos meaning "place" and graphein "to write." It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth. Precise global and regional locations, both horizontal and vertical (along the Earth and above the Earth), mapping the land sea, and ice, and determining the variations in the Earth’s gravitational pull and how this effects measurementsĪ detailed map of the surface features of land.
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